1 Samuel 31:13

Authorized King James Version

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And they took their bones, and buried them under a tree at Jabesh, and fasted seven days.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּקְחוּ֙ And they took H3947
וַיִּקְחוּ֙ And they took
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 1 of 10
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 10
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
עַצְמֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם their bones H6106
עַצְמֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם their bones
Strong's: H6106
Word #: 3 of 10
a bone (as strong); by extension, the body; figuratively, the substance, i.e., (as pron.) selfsame
וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ and buried H6912
וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ and buried
Strong's: H6912
Word #: 4 of 10
to inter
תַֽחַת H8478
תַֽחַת
Strong's: H8478
Word #: 5 of 10
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
הָאֶ֖שֶׁל them under a tree H815
הָאֶ֖שֶׁל them under a tree
Strong's: H815
Word #: 6 of 10
a tamarisk tree; by extension, a grove of any kind
בְּיָבֵ֑שָׁה at Jabesh H3003
בְּיָבֵ֑שָׁה at Jabesh
Strong's: H3003
Word #: 7 of 10
jobesh, the name of an israelite and of a place in palestine
וַיָּצֻ֖מוּ and fasted H6684
וַיָּצֻ֖מוּ and fasted
Strong's: H6684
Word #: 8 of 10
to cover over (the mouth), i.e., to fast
שִׁבְעַ֥ת seven H7651
שִׁבְעַ֥ת seven
Strong's: H7651
Word #: 9 of 10
seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
יָמִֽים׃ days H3117
יָמִֽים׃ days
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 10 of 10
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

Analysis & Commentary

The final verse provides dignified conclusion: proper burial 'under a tree at Jabesh' and seven-day fast. The Hebrew 'eshel' (tamarisk tree) marked the grave site, creating a memorial. The week of fasting demonstrates genuine mourning, not merely formal observance. Despite Saul's failures, these men honored his memory. First Samuel ends not with David's triumph but with honorable men mourning Israel's fallen king. Grace extends even to those who failed.

Historical Context

The seven-day fast was standard mourning practice for significant deaths (Genesis 50:10). Later, David would also mourn Saul and Jonathan (2 Samuel 1), honoring them despite their complicated history. David would eventually move Saul's bones to his ancestral burial site.

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